17-27: Non-Destructive Evaluation of Structural Elements of Cooling TowersWood, steel, and concrete have been used as structural materials in cooling towers for decades. When evaluations needed to be done to understand the structural integrity of the materials used after years of service of the towers, specialized procedures were developed to characterize the condition of different materials. These ranged from visual to in situ tests using various techniques for different materials. This paper describes some of the non

Drift eliminators and the technology behind them continue to evolve as drift specifications grow more stringent and tower operators strive for the best performing products available to the marketplace

and financial/operational savings in the variations required to address small

the rusting here was almost as bad as if they were left out in the field

and life-cycle costs

independent

Because of fouling issues due to the use of untreated raw water as make up

Liquid re-use and solids dewatering concepts are highlighted with test data and case story examples

evaporative pre-cooling of the air going to the heat exchanger can be the solution

once the fouling factors for specific unit have been determined

This paper identifies cooling tower operating practices that may create increased piping loads and provides deep considerations that can help prevent catastrophic pipe failures

The techniques are divided between Mechanical Equipment and Wood Structure

The conclusions that were drawn are verified with field data